{"id":280,"date":"2026-07-08T15:36:46","date_gmt":"2026-07-08T07:36:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rubri.cn\/products\/v2-product-1-3\/"},"modified":"2026-10-27T07:18:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-26T23:18:12","slug":"reverse-osmosis-ro","status":"publish","type":"indie_product","link":"https:\/\/www.rubri.cn\/en\/products\/product-components\/reverse-osmosis-ro\/","title":{"rendered":"Reverse osmosis RO"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Reverse osmosis is driven by pressure higher than the osmotic pressure of the feed solution, allowing water molecules to permeate through a dense separation membrane while most dissolved salts, colloids, and organic matter are retained. It is a core unit for industrial desalination, pure water production, and advanced wastewater reuse.<\/p>\n<h2>Separation Principle<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Under operating pressure higher than the osmotic pressure, water molecules permeate in reverse through the dense membrane layer, while dissolved salts are retained on the concentrate side.<\/li>\n<li>Desalination relies on solution-diffusion and charge repulsion mechanisms, with monovalent ion rejection also at a relatively high level.<\/li>\n<li>Feedwater requires pretreatment to control turbidity, residual chlorine, and scaling tendency, ensuring membrane element life and stable flux.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Product Features<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>High desalination rate and controlled permeate conductivity make it suitable for reuse water production and advanced desalination.<\/li>\n<li>Flexible modular configuration allows stage and pass combinations according to treatment scale and recovery requirements.<\/li>\n<li>Forming a stepped process with ultrafiltration and nanofiltration effectively controls membrane fouling and concentrate discharge volume.<\/li>\n<li>Can be combined with energy recovery devices to reduce specific energy consumption per unit of permeate under medium-to-high salinity conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Application Industries<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Advanced desalination of high-salinity wastewater and reuse water production.<\/li>\n<li>Pure water and ultrapure water production for the electronics, power, and chemical industries.<\/li>\n<li>Front-end concentration and volume reduction in ZLD systems, reducing the scale of downstream evaporation and crystallization.<\/li>\n<li>Desalination treatment for municipal water reuse and industrial circulating cooling water.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Specifications and Models<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iw-table-wrap\">\n<table class=\"iw-table\">\n<tr>\n<th>Parameter<\/th>\n<th>Unit<\/th>\n<th>Typical value<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Salt rejection rate<\/td>\n<td>%<\/td>\n<td>98\u201399.5 (typical)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Operating pressure<\/td>\n<td>MPa<\/td>\n<td>1.0\u20136.0 (typical, depending on salt content)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Recovery per membrane element<\/td>\n<td>%<\/td>\n<td>10\u201315 (typical)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Feedwater residual chlorine requirement<\/td>\n<td>mg\/L<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 0.1 (typical)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Feed water SDI\u2081\u2085 requirement<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2264 5 (typical)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Operating temperature<\/td>\n<td>\u2103<\/td>\n<td>5\u201345 (typical)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>The data in the table are common ranges for similar equipment and are for selection reference only; specific specifications, models, materials, connections, and control methods must be confirmed during the selection stage based on water quality, treatment scale, and site conditions.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uses high-pressure membrane separation to remove dissolved salts and trace impurities for water reuse, concentration, and advanced desalination.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":652,"parent":304,"menu_order":80,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"indie_product_cat":[],"class_list":["post-280","indie_product","type-indie_product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rubri.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/indie_product\/280","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rubri.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/indie_product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rubri.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/indie_product"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rubri.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/indie_product\/304"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rubri.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rubri.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"indie_product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rubri.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/indie_product_cat?post=280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}